AFP
Sunday, 18 September 2011
Wind turbines and solar panels are fast becoming familiar sights at car assembly plants as automakers slash carbon emissions not only of the models they produce, but along the whole production chain.
"There'd be little sense in cutting the CO2 emissions of our cars to zero if we're pumping out tonnes more of the gas to build them," said Christian Mohrdieck, director for fuel cell and battery drive development at Daimler.
"We have to take a look at the entire production chain."
Germany has opted to pull out of nuclear power and it seems to be its carmakers who are spearheading the drive into renewable sources of energy.
From 2013, BMW has decided to install wind turbines at its plant in Leipzig in eastern Germany to provide the power for the assembly of its electric and hybrid models, the i3 and the i8, being unveiled at this year's IAA motor show.
Volkswagen, Europe's biggest carmaker, recently announced a partnership with Austrian power generator Verbund to cover 10 percent of the electricity needs of its 12 German plants via hydro-electric power from 2013.
And according to a report in the Financial Times Deutschland last month, VW has earmarked billions of euros (dollars) for investment in renewables over the next two years and is set to announce the acquisition of a stake in a giant wind park in the North Sea soon.
French giant Renault boasts that has opened a "zero-carbon" factory at Tangiers, Morocco, powered by wind turbines while biomass generators provide steam and heating and manufacturing waste is recycled.
And in an investment that could prove attractive not only in image terms, but in financial terms, too, the auto giant is planning to equip its French sites with solar panels by 2012.
It is costly for Renault to buy "clean" electricity from French power supplier EdF, because the latter is legally obliged to buy solar energy from generators at a hefty premium to the market.
Nevertheless, automakers are not intending to move into electricity generation on a large scale themselves, but will simply "accompany" research and development in the new infrastructures associated with clean cars, said Renault's environment director Jean-Philippe Hermine.
All sides insist that governments should lead the way in finding solutions for storing power generated from renewable sources.
Unlike fossil-based energy sources or nuclear power, generating capacity for wind or solar energy cannot be phased up or down depending on fluctuations in demand, and so ways need to be found for storing it.
"Electricity consumption does not always coincide with the weather," said Daimler's Mohrdieck.
"Sometimes the only option will be to sell off surpluses of renewable energy cheaply or simply waste them," said Reinhard Otten, head of Audi's "e-gas" project.
This project aims to use wind-generated electricity to manufacture hydrogen by means of electrolysis. That hydrogen can then in turn be used to manufacture synthetic methane, which is chemically identical to natural gas and can power combustion engines.
Audi plans to start building engines powered by e-gas in 2013.
Monday, 19 September 2011
Green light for biomass power plant
By Emily Beament
Friday, 16 September 2011
A biomass plant which will use renewable sources to generate enough electricity to power 300,000 homes was today given the go-ahead by the Government.
Construction of the power plant, which once operating will use biomass such as wood to generate renewable energy, in Anglesey is set to create up to 600 jobs, with around 100 full-time staff when operational.
The 299 megawatt biomass power station, which will produce enough electricity to power the equivalent of a quarter of the homes in Wales, will be built by Anglesey Aluminium Metal Renewables at Penrhos Works, Holyhead.
Electricity generated will be used by the smelting works or exported to the grid.
The power plant will rely on fuel from local sources and imported materials, with imports coming through the port at Holyhead.
Energy Minister Charles Hendry said: "We want a balanced energy portfolio and we want biomass to play a key role in this.
"Biomass power stations such as this one in Anglesey will provide us a reliable, secure, flexible and renewable source of power.
"I am especially pleased that the plant offers the prospect of so many high quality jobs in Anglesey."
Friday, 16 September 2011
A biomass plant which will use renewable sources to generate enough electricity to power 300,000 homes was today given the go-ahead by the Government.
Construction of the power plant, which once operating will use biomass such as wood to generate renewable energy, in Anglesey is set to create up to 600 jobs, with around 100 full-time staff when operational.
The 299 megawatt biomass power station, which will produce enough electricity to power the equivalent of a quarter of the homes in Wales, will be built by Anglesey Aluminium Metal Renewables at Penrhos Works, Holyhead.
Electricity generated will be used by the smelting works or exported to the grid.
The power plant will rely on fuel from local sources and imported materials, with imports coming through the port at Holyhead.
Energy Minister Charles Hendry said: "We want a balanced energy portfolio and we want biomass to play a key role in this.
"Biomass power stations such as this one in Anglesey will provide us a reliable, secure, flexible and renewable source of power.
"I am especially pleased that the plant offers the prospect of so many high quality jobs in Anglesey."
Reports of the death of solar power are greatly exaggerated
US solar company Solyndra's bankruptcy filing was a result of a drop in the cost of silicon, not scandal and impropriety
Adam Browning for Grist, part of the Guardian Environment Network
guardian.co.uk, Friday 16 September 2011 14.41 BST
The solar company Solyndra recently filed for bankruptcy, which media reports have depicted as the end of solar power in the U.S. This is like saying there is no future for the internet because Netscape went out of business.
The molar-grinding irony of it all is that Solyndra was the victim of a big success -- the price of solar power has fallen rapidly, making more expensive technologies like theirs uncompetitive, but more importantly, making solar power a real player in the U.S. energy economy.
Since October of 2008, the average price of solar modules has fallen from $4.20 per watt to around $1.20 to $1.50 per watt today. These are mind-boggling reductions. And these new prices are resulting in extraordinary market development. As of June, California utilities have signed over eight gigawatts of solar contracts ... half of which are below the price of new natural gas generation. That's right. Gigawatts of solar cheaper than the fossil fuel alternatives.
The media have been hinting at scandal and impropriety. While we have no idea about Solyndra's actions in securing the loan guarantee, we can say that their technology approach was squarely within mainstream thinking of the time. Solyndra was attempting to develop a photovoltaic (PV) technology that didn't use silicon, the dominant raw material for PV then and today. Take a look at this chart [PDF]. For years, silicon was manufactured primarily for semiconductors, and the solar industry essentially relied on excess material. In 2004, when Germany introduced robust incentives and the solar industry really started taking off, a shortage of silicon became a huge problem. There were seven plants in the world capable of manufacturing solar grade silicon, and as they had the scarcity in the value chain, they were able to command premium prices. The market price of silicon went through the roof. The main material for crystalline PV technology, which once cost $25 per kilogram (kg), soared to $450 per kg. Silicon manufacturers had the solar industry by the short hairs, and everyone looked for an alternative. Silicon was the single biggest obstacle to bringing down costs and bringing solar to scale, and everybody -- absolutely everybody -- was trying to figure out how to deal with it.
Solar manufacturers that had relied on silicon-based PV technology tried to develop new methods that didn't need silicon. For example, Sharp, which was once the world's largest PV manufacturer using crystalline silicon technology, made a significant capital investment in a thin-film product that was half as efficient ... but used about 1 percent of the silicon [PDF]. And venture-capital money poured into start-ups working on breakthrough new materials that addressed the silicon problem. Nanosolar, Miasole, HelioVolt, and, yes, Solyndra, all received hundreds of millions of dollars of private venture funds to commercialize CIGS technology -- an approach that did not rely on any silicon at all. Solyndra's premise was squarely within mainstream thinking.
So what happened? Silicon got cheap, and the manufacture of crystalline silicon panels got even cheaper. All the innovation, market pressures, and government investment worked. Analysis out on Friday from the DOE's Lawrence Berkeley National Lab shows that the pre-incentive price of going solar in the U.S. dropped 17 percent last year, and another 11 percent in the first half of 2011 -- record reductions since they began tracking the data. Importantly, the Berkeley Lab report further indicates that federal and state market-building policies have been instrumental to those gains. What little policy support solar has received relative to its fossil counterparts is working as it should -- to build scale, bring down costs, and deliver strong economic returns on our nation's investment. And today the solar power industry is the fastest-growing industry in America.
The holy grail of those working in the field is to bring down costs. Solyndra had a reputed cost structure around $2 per watt. The fact that's no longer competitive is a sign that solar is succeeding, and delivering on its promise faster and better than the brightest minds and the big bucks ever imagined.
Adam Browning for Grist, part of the Guardian Environment Network
guardian.co.uk, Friday 16 September 2011 14.41 BST
The solar company Solyndra recently filed for bankruptcy, which media reports have depicted as the end of solar power in the U.S. This is like saying there is no future for the internet because Netscape went out of business.
The molar-grinding irony of it all is that Solyndra was the victim of a big success -- the price of solar power has fallen rapidly, making more expensive technologies like theirs uncompetitive, but more importantly, making solar power a real player in the U.S. energy economy.
Since October of 2008, the average price of solar modules has fallen from $4.20 per watt to around $1.20 to $1.50 per watt today. These are mind-boggling reductions. And these new prices are resulting in extraordinary market development. As of June, California utilities have signed over eight gigawatts of solar contracts ... half of which are below the price of new natural gas generation. That's right. Gigawatts of solar cheaper than the fossil fuel alternatives.
The media have been hinting at scandal and impropriety. While we have no idea about Solyndra's actions in securing the loan guarantee, we can say that their technology approach was squarely within mainstream thinking of the time. Solyndra was attempting to develop a photovoltaic (PV) technology that didn't use silicon, the dominant raw material for PV then and today. Take a look at this chart [PDF]. For years, silicon was manufactured primarily for semiconductors, and the solar industry essentially relied on excess material. In 2004, when Germany introduced robust incentives and the solar industry really started taking off, a shortage of silicon became a huge problem. There were seven plants in the world capable of manufacturing solar grade silicon, and as they had the scarcity in the value chain, they were able to command premium prices. The market price of silicon went through the roof. The main material for crystalline PV technology, which once cost $25 per kilogram (kg), soared to $450 per kg. Silicon manufacturers had the solar industry by the short hairs, and everyone looked for an alternative. Silicon was the single biggest obstacle to bringing down costs and bringing solar to scale, and everybody -- absolutely everybody -- was trying to figure out how to deal with it.
Solar manufacturers that had relied on silicon-based PV technology tried to develop new methods that didn't need silicon. For example, Sharp, which was once the world's largest PV manufacturer using crystalline silicon technology, made a significant capital investment in a thin-film product that was half as efficient ... but used about 1 percent of the silicon [PDF]. And venture-capital money poured into start-ups working on breakthrough new materials that addressed the silicon problem. Nanosolar, Miasole, HelioVolt, and, yes, Solyndra, all received hundreds of millions of dollars of private venture funds to commercialize CIGS technology -- an approach that did not rely on any silicon at all. Solyndra's premise was squarely within mainstream thinking.
So what happened? Silicon got cheap, and the manufacture of crystalline silicon panels got even cheaper. All the innovation, market pressures, and government investment worked. Analysis out on Friday from the DOE's Lawrence Berkeley National Lab shows that the pre-incentive price of going solar in the U.S. dropped 17 percent last year, and another 11 percent in the first half of 2011 -- record reductions since they began tracking the data. Importantly, the Berkeley Lab report further indicates that federal and state market-building policies have been instrumental to those gains. What little policy support solar has received relative to its fossil counterparts is working as it should -- to build scale, bring down costs, and deliver strong economic returns on our nation's investment. And today the solar power industry is the fastest-growing industry in America.
The holy grail of those working in the field is to bring down costs. Solyndra had a reputed cost structure around $2 per watt. The fact that's no longer competitive is a sign that solar is succeeding, and delivering on its promise faster and better than the brightest minds and the big bucks ever imagined.
Solar panel factory protests tarnish China's clean-tech efforts
Chinese villagers protesting about pollution were dispersed by riot police in Haining, Zhejiang province
Jonathan Watts, Asia environment correspondent
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 18 September 2011 19.05 BST
China's ambition to build a harmonious clean-tech economy lost some of its sheen on Sunday after a violent confrontation over pollution from a solar panel factory.
Riot police broke up a four-day protest by several hundred villagers in Haining, Zhejiang province, who overturned cars and stormed the compound of a photovoltaic manufacturer that is accused of releasing toxins into a local river.
The demonstrators complained of police brutality and efforts to silence their voices in the latest in a rash of rallies and protests over environmental concerns in China.
The target on this occasion was Jinko Solar Holding, a fast-growing company listed on the New York stock exchange that produces ingots, wafers, cells and modules.
Although solar is seen as clean energy in terms of carbon emissions, the production of many components is energy intensive and polluting. Toxic discharges from the factory killed large numbers of fish and regulators have previously ordered the company to suspend operations, according to the domestic media.
Chen Hongming, deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, told the Xinhua news agency that the plant has failed to meet pollution standards since April despite official warnings.
Locals are frustrated their complaints have not been heard. On Thursday, 500 people burst into the factory compound. They were dispersed, but continued their protests by camping outside.
Photographs and video of the demonstrations have spread across the internet. One banner – shown on the website of the National Business Daily newspaper– reads: "Return our lives to us, stay away from Jinko."
Video images on the municipal website showed smashed factory windows. Eight company vehicles were overturned on Thursday and four police vehicles were damaged on the following days, according to official accounts.
Riot police dispersed the gathering on Sunday and sealed off the site. Witnesses complained to reporters that the security forces had used heavy-handed tactics.
"Some people were beaten up during the protests," a protester with the surname Cao told Reuters. "Why can't we just tell the truth about this pollution? Now people talking to reporters are also being detained: what justice is there? We are being silenced."
Villagers said they wanted the factory to move because they were worried about the impact of its discharges into the river and air on the health of their children.
The clash highlights the difficulty that China faces as it tries to clean up its environment, reduce its reliance on coal and secure "clean tech" export business. The country is the world's biggest manufacturer of solar panels with about 70% of the global market, but overseas rivals say this dominant position has been achieved through unfair subsidies, low wages and lax environmental regulation.
Increasingly, however, Chinese citizens are uneasy about the consequences of pollution in all industries. As incomes levels and environmental awareness rise, there is a growing reluctance to accept dirty growth. Last month, the Dalian city government promised to halt a planned paraxylene (PX) plant after a rally by tens of thousands of people. In recent years, there have also been several violent demonstrations against battery factories and smelting facilities that are blamed for unhealthy levels of lead in the blood of children in some area. Many other smaller protests in the countryside go largely unreported.
Jonathan Watts, Asia environment correspondent
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 18 September 2011 19.05 BST
China's ambition to build a harmonious clean-tech economy lost some of its sheen on Sunday after a violent confrontation over pollution from a solar panel factory.
Riot police broke up a four-day protest by several hundred villagers in Haining, Zhejiang province, who overturned cars and stormed the compound of a photovoltaic manufacturer that is accused of releasing toxins into a local river.
The demonstrators complained of police brutality and efforts to silence their voices in the latest in a rash of rallies and protests over environmental concerns in China.
The target on this occasion was Jinko Solar Holding, a fast-growing company listed on the New York stock exchange that produces ingots, wafers, cells and modules.
Although solar is seen as clean energy in terms of carbon emissions, the production of many components is energy intensive and polluting. Toxic discharges from the factory killed large numbers of fish and regulators have previously ordered the company to suspend operations, according to the domestic media.
Chen Hongming, deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, told the Xinhua news agency that the plant has failed to meet pollution standards since April despite official warnings.
Locals are frustrated their complaints have not been heard. On Thursday, 500 people burst into the factory compound. They were dispersed, but continued their protests by camping outside.
Photographs and video of the demonstrations have spread across the internet. One banner – shown on the website of the National Business Daily newspaper– reads: "Return our lives to us, stay away from Jinko."
Video images on the municipal website showed smashed factory windows. Eight company vehicles were overturned on Thursday and four police vehicles were damaged on the following days, according to official accounts.
Riot police dispersed the gathering on Sunday and sealed off the site. Witnesses complained to reporters that the security forces had used heavy-handed tactics.
"Some people were beaten up during the protests," a protester with the surname Cao told Reuters. "Why can't we just tell the truth about this pollution? Now people talking to reporters are also being detained: what justice is there? We are being silenced."
Villagers said they wanted the factory to move because they were worried about the impact of its discharges into the river and air on the health of their children.
The clash highlights the difficulty that China faces as it tries to clean up its environment, reduce its reliance on coal and secure "clean tech" export business. The country is the world's biggest manufacturer of solar panels with about 70% of the global market, but overseas rivals say this dominant position has been achieved through unfair subsidies, low wages and lax environmental regulation.
Increasingly, however, Chinese citizens are uneasy about the consequences of pollution in all industries. As incomes levels and environmental awareness rise, there is a growing reluctance to accept dirty growth. Last month, the Dalian city government promised to halt a planned paraxylene (PX) plant after a rally by tens of thousands of people. In recent years, there have also been several violent demonstrations against battery factories and smelting facilities that are blamed for unhealthy levels of lead in the blood of children in some area. Many other smaller protests in the countryside go largely unreported.
New offshore windfarm technologies in the battle against seasickness
Giant robotic arms among ideas to win financial backing from the Carbon Trust to fight major obstacle to wind energy: stormy seas
Damian Carrington
The Guardian, Monday 19 September 2011
Ships with rally-car suspension, seahorse-like tails or featuring their own harbours have been unveiled in the fight against a major obstacle to the UK's plans for a clean energy future: seasickness.
New technology is needed to defeat this oldest of seafaring problems, and 13 inventive ideas, including a ship steadied by a huge deep keel and another with a giant robotic arm, have shared a £1m development prize from the Carbon Trust.
The UK plans to erect 6,000 giant offshore wind turbines by 2020 to provide 25% of the country's electricity, but the structures have to be installed in far rougher and more remote waters than the 487 so far erected.
Thousands of technicians and engineers based at sea will be needed for maintenance and repairs, and getting them safely aboard the turbines in heavy swells is one of the toughest challenges currently facing the offshore industry.
"It's not the turbines and it's not the foundations that are the big problems, it's the weather," said Dave Armstrong, whose company North Sea Logistics runs 22 turbine-support ships, and whose hinged gangplank is one of the winning ideas. "If the weather is too rough you can't get the guys out. And the last thing you want is the guy being sick onboard as he's no good to anyone after that, believe me."
Benjamin Sykes, director of innovation at the Carbon Trust and offshore oil industry veteran, agreed. "You have to be a hundred per cent. Seasickness is a real challenge for work that requires precision, complexity and involves heavy machinery: it's not to be underestimated."
The Carbon Trust estimates that millions of journeys will be required to build and maintain the future offshore turbine fleet over its 25-year lifespan. The next turbines will be built up to 300km from shore and stormy seas big enough to halt work with current equipment occur on about 155 days a year, when waves top five feet.
But the new technologies must deliver workers safely and in a fit state in even higher, 10ft waves, cutting lost days to less than 65 a year. Sykes said that will cut turbine downtime, meaning billions of pounds in extra revenue.
One winner, the Australian-designed Nauti-craft, smooths the ride across choppy waters using four hulls connected to the main deck with a hydraulic suspension system (see video above) adapted from rally championship-winning cars. Another ship, called TransSpar and designed by Canada's Extreme Ocean Innovation, has a huge, deep keel for stability, giving it the shape of a seahorse, while a third is an adaptation of a Norwegian Navy minesweeping hovercraft.
Once at the base of the turbine, engineers have to get on to it, even in high seas. Armstrong's idea converts a long section of the deck of a ship into gangway, which attaches to the turbine and remains steady while the boat bobs up and down in the waves. Another idea to solve this problem is a large robot arm from German company Momac (see video below) which uses sensors to keep the arm steady as it places the worker on to the turbine.
"This is technology transfer from the car industry, and not as expensive as you might think," said Jan Matthiesen, offshore technology acceleration manager at the Carbon Trust. "It is light because it it electric rather than hydraulic, and it also moves fast." He said a turbine has to be visited by a team twice a year, for maintenance such as changing the oil in the gearbox, in addition to any visits for repairs.
A third category in the competition was for mother ships to provide a floating home for workers, with multiple daughter ships to ferry them to each turbine. Two winners have open sterns, forming a harbour within the ship up to 85m long into which the daughter ships would sail, sheltered from the elements.
"You will have an offshore community living out in the ocean, just as you do now with the oil industry," MatthiesenSykes says helicopters are not an attractive alternative. "The oil industry is moving away from helicopters for in-field operations because of safety concerns and, in any case, being winched on to the top of a 100m turbine in a gale is not an attractive proposition."
The winners, chosen from 450 entries, get up to £100,000 for nine months of development. The most promising inventions will then be given further funding by the Carbon Trust and its partners, including E.ON, RWE Innogy, SSE Renewables and Dong Energy. The trust is also helping to develop the turbulence-minimising layouts for windfarms with thousands of turbines, as well as new foundation designs.
The Trust's efforts are backed by the government. The energy and climate change minister, Greg Barker, said: "The UK is leading the world in offshore wind power generation, which is creating a huge market here in design, innovation and new technology. These projects represent some of the best ideas to overcome the challenges of working in deeper water."
Armstrong believes the ocean itself is the greatest obstacle of all: "What we do, putting people on the turbines, is the most challenging job in the whole offshore industry."
Damian Carrington
The Guardian, Monday 19 September 2011
Ships with rally-car suspension, seahorse-like tails or featuring their own harbours have been unveiled in the fight against a major obstacle to the UK's plans for a clean energy future: seasickness.
New technology is needed to defeat this oldest of seafaring problems, and 13 inventive ideas, including a ship steadied by a huge deep keel and another with a giant robotic arm, have shared a £1m development prize from the Carbon Trust.
The UK plans to erect 6,000 giant offshore wind turbines by 2020 to provide 25% of the country's electricity, but the structures have to be installed in far rougher and more remote waters than the 487 so far erected.
Thousands of technicians and engineers based at sea will be needed for maintenance and repairs, and getting them safely aboard the turbines in heavy swells is one of the toughest challenges currently facing the offshore industry.
"It's not the turbines and it's not the foundations that are the big problems, it's the weather," said Dave Armstrong, whose company North Sea Logistics runs 22 turbine-support ships, and whose hinged gangplank is one of the winning ideas. "If the weather is too rough you can't get the guys out. And the last thing you want is the guy being sick onboard as he's no good to anyone after that, believe me."
Benjamin Sykes, director of innovation at the Carbon Trust and offshore oil industry veteran, agreed. "You have to be a hundred per cent. Seasickness is a real challenge for work that requires precision, complexity and involves heavy machinery: it's not to be underestimated."
The Carbon Trust estimates that millions of journeys will be required to build and maintain the future offshore turbine fleet over its 25-year lifespan. The next turbines will be built up to 300km from shore and stormy seas big enough to halt work with current equipment occur on about 155 days a year, when waves top five feet.
But the new technologies must deliver workers safely and in a fit state in even higher, 10ft waves, cutting lost days to less than 65 a year. Sykes said that will cut turbine downtime, meaning billions of pounds in extra revenue.
One winner, the Australian-designed Nauti-craft, smooths the ride across choppy waters using four hulls connected to the main deck with a hydraulic suspension system (see video above) adapted from rally championship-winning cars. Another ship, called TransSpar and designed by Canada's Extreme Ocean Innovation, has a huge, deep keel for stability, giving it the shape of a seahorse, while a third is an adaptation of a Norwegian Navy minesweeping hovercraft.
Once at the base of the turbine, engineers have to get on to it, even in high seas. Armstrong's idea converts a long section of the deck of a ship into gangway, which attaches to the turbine and remains steady while the boat bobs up and down in the waves. Another idea to solve this problem is a large robot arm from German company Momac (see video below) which uses sensors to keep the arm steady as it places the worker on to the turbine.
"This is technology transfer from the car industry, and not as expensive as you might think," said Jan Matthiesen, offshore technology acceleration manager at the Carbon Trust. "It is light because it it electric rather than hydraulic, and it also moves fast." He said a turbine has to be visited by a team twice a year, for maintenance such as changing the oil in the gearbox, in addition to any visits for repairs.
A third category in the competition was for mother ships to provide a floating home for workers, with multiple daughter ships to ferry them to each turbine. Two winners have open sterns, forming a harbour within the ship up to 85m long into which the daughter ships would sail, sheltered from the elements.
"You will have an offshore community living out in the ocean, just as you do now with the oil industry," MatthiesenSykes says helicopters are not an attractive alternative. "The oil industry is moving away from helicopters for in-field operations because of safety concerns and, in any case, being winched on to the top of a 100m turbine in a gale is not an attractive proposition."
The winners, chosen from 450 entries, get up to £100,000 for nine months of development. The most promising inventions will then be given further funding by the Carbon Trust and its partners, including E.ON, RWE Innogy, SSE Renewables and Dong Energy. The trust is also helping to develop the turbulence-minimising layouts for windfarms with thousands of turbines, as well as new foundation designs.
The Trust's efforts are backed by the government. The energy and climate change minister, Greg Barker, said: "The UK is leading the world in offshore wind power generation, which is creating a huge market here in design, innovation and new technology. These projects represent some of the best ideas to overcome the challenges of working in deeper water."
Armstrong believes the ocean itself is the greatest obstacle of all: "What we do, putting people on the turbines, is the most challenging job in the whole offshore industry."
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